All terrible evils
has Romania suffered from the Arabs even until now.Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus
(d.959 AD) quoting the Chronicle of Theophanes (c.815 AD), De
Administrando Imperio, p.94 [Dumbarton Oaks Texts, Greek text edited by Gy.
Moravcsik, 1967, 2008]
Hence arises
the fact that everything better struggles through only with difficulty; what is
noble and wise very rarely makes its appearance, becomes effective, or meets
with a hearing, but the absurd and perverse in the realm of thought, the dull
and tasteless in the sphere of art, and the wicked and fraudulent in the sphere
of action, really assert a supremacy that is disturbed only by brief
interruptions.Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and
Representation, Volume I, §59, p.324 [Dover Publications, 1966, E.F.J. Payne
translation]
The stream of Time, irresistible, ever moving, carries
off and bears away all things that come to birth and plunges them into utter
darkness, both deeds of no account and deeds which are mighty and worthy of
commemoration; as the playwright [Sophocles] says, it "brings to light that
which was unseen and shrouds from us that which was manifest." Nevertheless, the
science of History is a great bulwark against the stream of Time; in a way it
checks this irresistible flood, it holds in a tight grasp whatever it can seize
floating on the surface and will not allow it to slip away into the depths of
Oblivion.Anna Comnena (1083-1153), The
Alexiad, translated by E.R.A. Sewter [Penguin Classics, 1969, p.17].
Contemporary image of the Empress Maria, the
Alan.
Should a
traveller, returning from a far country,
bring us an account of men, wholly different from any with whom we were ever
acquainted; men, who were entirely divested of avarice, ambition, or revenge;
who knew no pleasure but friendship, generosity, and public spirit; we should
immediately, from these circumstances, detect the falsehood, and prove him a
liar, with the same certainty as if he had stuffed his narration with stories of
centaurs and dragons, miracles and prodigies. And if we would explode any
forgery in history, we cannot make use of a more convincing argument, than to
prove, that the actions ascribed to any person are directly contrary to the
course of nature, and that no human motives, in such circumstances, could ever
induce him to such a conduct.David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human
Understanding, Sect. VIII, Part I, p. 65 [Oxford at the Clarendon Press,
1972, L.A. Selby-Bigge edition, p. 84]
Most of the following reference items are perhaps
not, strictly speaking, philosophy of history. The editorial intention
originally was to provide some material of more general interest than the purely
philosophical content of The Proceedings of the Friesian School
to attract attention to the
website. However, history provides countless examples for the application of
ideas from both ethics and political
economy. If philosophy is to be historically practical in the Socratic or
Platonic sense, then it helps to know history. Political commitment is also an
important characrteristic of the Friesian School.
Therefore, there has been increasing use of the historical files for these
purposes. Not all of history may be covered here, but a very extensive fragment
of it certainly is.
Hence arises the fact that everything better struggles through only with difficulty; what is noble and wise very rarely makes its appearance, becomes effective, or meets with a hearing, but the absurd and perverse in the realm of thought, the dull and tasteless in the sphere of art, and the wicked and fraudulent in the sphere of action, really assert a supremacy that is disturbed only by brief interruptions. Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation, Volume I, §59, p.324 [Dover Publications, 1966, E.F.J. Payne translation]
[30.3K]
){kind=link}
The stream of Time, irresistible, ever moving, carries off and bears away all things that come to birth and plunges them into utter darkness, both deeds of no account and deeds which are mighty and worthy of commemoration; as the playwright [Sophocles] says, it "brings to light that which was unseen and shrouds from us that which was manifest." Nevertheless, the science of History is a great bulwark against the stream of Time; in a way it checks this irresistible flood, it holds in a tight grasp whatever it can seize floating on the surface and will not allow it to slip away into the depths of Oblivion. Anna Comnena (1083-1153), The Alexiad, translated by E.R.A. Sewter [Penguin Classics, 1969, p.17]. Contemporary image of the Empress Maria, the Alan.
Should a traveller, returning from a far country, bring us an account of men, wholly different from any with whom we were ever acquainted; men, who were entirely divested of avarice, ambition, or revenge; who knew no pleasure but friendship, generosity, and public spirit; we should immediately, from these circumstances, detect the falsehood, and prove him a liar, with the same certainty as if he had stuffed his narration with stories of centaurs and dragons, miracles and prodigies. And if we would explode any forgery in history, we cannot make use of a more convincing argument, than to prove, that the actions ascribed to any person are directly contrary to the course of nature, and that no human motives, in such circumstances, could ever induce him to such a conduct. David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, Sect. VIII, Part I, p. 65 [Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1972, L.A. Selby-Bigge edition, p. 84]
Most of the following reference items are perhaps not, strictly speaking, philosophy of history. The editorial intention originally was to provide some material of more general interest than the purely philosophical content of The Proceedings of the Friesian School to attract
attention to the website. However, history provides countless examples for the application of ideas from both ethics and political economy. If philosophy is to be historically practical in the Socratic or Platonic sense, then it helps to know history. Political commitment is also an important characrteristic of the Friesian School. Therefore, there has been increasing use of the historical files for these purposes. Not all of history may be covered here, but a very extensive fragment of it certainly is.
Second Empire, Early "Romania," 284 AD-610 AD
Third Empire, Middle "Romania," Early "Byzantium," 610 AD-1059 AD
Fourth Empire, Late "Romania/Byzantium," 1059 AD-1453 AD
The Bishops of Rome, the Popes, 42 AD-present [328.4K]
Islâmic Romania/Byzantium: The Ottoman Sultâns, 1290 AD-1924 AD, Maps and List of Emperors [160.0K]
Islâm, 622 AD-present [264.6K]
Emperors of the Sangoku, the "Three Kingdoms," of India, China, & Japan [485.7K]
){kind=link}
![Animated History of Romania [202.5K]](javascript:popup('images/maps/rome-big.gif','romebig','resizable,width=420,height=266')){kind=link}
![Crisis of the Third Century Chart [27.0K]](javascript:popup('images/thirdcen.gif','thirdcen','resizable,scrollbars,width=900,height=840')){kind=link}
![Chart of the Tetrarchy [11.9K]](javascript:popup('images/tetrarch.gif','tetrarch','resizable,scrollbars,width=551,height=508')){kind=link}
![Late Roman Capitals [10.9]](javascript:popup('images/maps/capitals.gif','capitals','resizable,width=627,height=234')){kind=link}
![The Approaches and Environs of Constantinople [22.1K]](javascript:popup('images/maps/marmara.gif','marmara','resizable,width=629,height=242')){kind=link}
![The Theodosian Walls of Constantinople [23.0K]](javascript:popup('images/walls-3.gif','walls3','resizable,scrollbars,width=399,height=1830')){kind=link}
![Cross Section of the Walls [7.0K]](javascript:popup('images/walls.gif','walls','resizable,width=503,height=325')){kind=link}
![Western Provinces of the Notitia Dignitatum, c.400 AD [18.1K]](javascript:popup('images/maps/romaniaw.gif','romaniaw','resizable,scrollbars,width=506,height=552')){kind=link}
![Eastern Provinces of the Notitia Dignitatum, c.400 AD [15.2K]](javascript:popup('images/maps/romaniae.gif','romaniae','resizable,width=441,height=455')){kind=link}
){kind=link}
![Animated History of Turkiya [80.8K]](javascript:popup('images/maps/turk-big.gif','turkbig','resizable,width=420,height=266')){kind=link}
){kind=link}
){kind=link}
){kind=link}
){kind=link}